What is compartment syndrome?
Compartment syndrome is a medical condition that involves increased pressure within a closed muscle compartment (a group of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves enclosed by fascia, a tough connective tissue).
This elevated pressure can lead to reduced blood flow to the muscles and tissues within the compartment, causing potential damage and even tissue death. The condition can be quite serious and requires prompt medical attention.
Different types of compartment syndrome
There are two main types of compartment syndrome, which are:
- Acute Compartment Syndrome – this is often the result of a traumatic injury, such as a fracture or crush injury, that causes swelling within the affected muscle compartment.
- Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome – this type typically occurs in athletes and individuals who engage in repetitive physical activities. It is characterised by pain and swelling during exercise, which subsides during rest.
What are the causes of compartment syndrome?
The condition is often caused by increased pressure within a muscle compartment due to factors such as swelling, bleeding, or inflammation. The pressure buildup can lead to reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery to the muscles and tissues, potentially causing severe damage.
What are the symptoms of compartment syndrome?
Symptoms can include:
- Severe pain that is out of proportion to the injury;
- Swelling;
- Tightness or firmness of the affected area, numbness or tingling; and
- Changes in skin colour or temperature.
Diagnosing compartment syndrome involves a combination of clinical evaluation, assessment of symptoms, and measuring compartment pressures using specialised devices. Imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans can also be used to assess the extent of damage.
Treatment for compartment syndrome
The primary treatment for compartment syndrome is a surgical procedure that allows blood flow to be restored and prevents further tissue damage.
If compartment syndrome is not treated promptly or it is misdiagnosed, it can lead to serious complications such as muscle and nerve damage, tissue necrosis (death), and in severe cases, limb amputation might be necessary.
Compartment syndrome compensation claims
In certain cases, individuals who have suffered compartment syndrome due to medical negligence, might be able to bring compensation claims to cover medical expenses, loss of income, and other damages. Consulting a legal professional is important for understanding the options available in such situations.
Compartment syndrome cases are often very complex requiring expert evidence from a range of disciplines.
Example of a claim
In 2015, a 25-year-old man underwent a major colorectal operation. During the procedure, he is on the operating table, in the so-called Lloyds Davies position (tilted lithotomy position), for roughly six hours and his position does not change during this time.
Postoperatively he went on to suffer bilateral lower limb compartment syndrome because of reduced blood flow. He suffered extensive and permanent nerve damage. This led to him needing to use a wheelchair or crutches and he suffered ongoing severe and intractable loss of sensation and nerve pain.
The man pursued a compensation claim because of his injuries. Expert evidence indicated that his position should have been changed during the operation and had it been, he would have avoided all injury.
His claim settled for 2.7 million pounds, from which he purchased a bungalow which is adapted to be suitable for his needs.
How we can help
Matthew Olner is a Partner in our Medical Negligence team, which has been ranked in tier one by the independently researched publication, The Legal 500.
Our team are experienced in compartment syndrome compensation claims, and we have a strong track record of achieving substantial compensation for those who have sustained a compartment syndrome injury and understand the ongoing support and rehabilitation needs that are required. We work closely with medical and rehabilitation teams to ensure that you or your loved one receive the support required.
For further information on we can assist with these types of claims, please contact us on 0800 024 1976 or complete our contact form.
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